### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **ʼârâh**, represented by `{{H717}}`, is a primitive root meaning **to pluck** or **gather**. A rare term in scripture, it appears only **2 times** across **2 unique verses**, with each instance providing a distinct and contrasting meaning for the action of gathering.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The two uses of `{{H717}}` illustrate a sharp duality. In Song of Solomon, it describes an act of joyful collection within a place of intimacy and abundance, as the beloved declares, "I have **gathered** my myrrh with my spice" from his garden [[Song of Solomon 5:1]]. Conversely, in Psalms, the word denotes a hostile act of plundering. The psalmist asks God why He has broken down the hedges of His vine, allowing "all they which pass by the way do **pluck** her" [[Psalms 80:12]]. One use signifies rightful enjoyment, while the other signifies vulnerability and loss.
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help establish the context for these two different acts of plucking:
* `{{H1588}}` **gan** (a garden (as fenced)): This word sets the scene for joyful gathering. A **garden** is a place of beauty and blessing, seen as a symbol of divine provision and delight [[Isaiah 51:3]], and is the setting where the beloved comes to gather spices [[Song of Solomon 5:1]].
* `{{H1447}}` **gâdêr** (fence, hedge, wall): This term represents protection. The breaking down of a **hedge** or wall leaves something vulnerable to being trodden down or destroyed [[Isaiah 5:5]], which directly precedes the destructive plucking seen in the Psalms [[Psalms 80:12]].
* `{{H4753}}` **môr** (myrrh): As one of the precious items gathered in Song of Solomon, **myrrh** is a fragrant substance associated with perfume and gladness [[Psalms 45:8]]. Its gathering highlights the value and delight of the items being collected [[Song of Solomon 5:1]].
### Theological Significance
The theological significance of `{{H717}}` derives from its contextual polarity.
* **Intimate Communion:** In its positive sense, "to gather" portrays an image of intimate communion and enjoyment. The action in the garden reflects the delight of a rightful owner taking pleasure in his cherished possessions, a picture of fellowship and blessing [[Song of Solomon 5:1]].
* **Consequence of Judgment:** In its negative sense, "to pluck" represents the tangible result of divine judgment or the removal of protection. When the hedge is broken, the vine is left exposed to be plundered by passersby, illustrating a state of profound vulnerability and distress [[Psalms 80:12]].
* **The Role of Divine Protection:** The contrast between the two verses underscores the critical importance of divine boundaries and protection. Within a secure space like a garden, gathering is a joy. Without that security, the same action becomes an act of violation.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H717}}` is a concise word whose meaning is entirely shaped by its surroundings. It can describe both a loving collection of precious spices from a garden and a destructive plundering of a defenseless vine. The word **ʼârâh** powerfully demonstrates how the same physical action can carry opposite meanings, depending on the context of security, intimacy, and divine protection.
TRV